The world is in the midst of the deadly Covid-19 pandemic. An increment in the numbers of daily cases around the world is terrifying. The researchers are working hard and round the clock to find a vaccine to this deadly virus. A number of vaccines are going through different phases. Let us learn about various vaccines in making and when can we expect one.
A vaccination is a kind of medicine which trains the immune system to fight a disease or germ. It prepares the body to make antigens or antibodies. A vaccination is generally administered through needles. A vaccine can take upto 10 years to develop and to be ready to use for public.
Why do we need a vaccine?
The only way for life to get back to normal and the only way to bring an end to this imbroglios disease is a Vaccine. A vaccine will teach our bodies to fight the infection and prevent our body to catch Covid-19 and make it less dangerous.
What are the different stages of vaccine development?
A vaccine has to go through different stages before it is made available to the public.
Pre-Clinical Trials: This research is done in the laboratories on cells and animals. Pre-clinical trials indicates about the efficiency and safety of the vaccine.
Phase I trials: In this phase, researchers monitors the kidney, liver, hormone and cardiac functions to look for adverse affects in human volunteers.It takes place for about 2 months and the vaccine is tested on less than 100 people.
Phase II trials: In this phase, researchers focus on seeing if the treatment works, finding the safest effective dose and determining what symptoms, tests or outcomes are the best measures of efficacy of the treatment. This phase can take months even years.
Phase III trials: In this phase researchers look to see if people that get the treatment are statistically better than those don’t. Phase three trials are also designed to find any side effects of the vaccine.
Phase IV trials: In this phase, researchers test the approved vaccines for the same medical condition but in a different dose or time frame or group of people.
Approval Stage: In this stage, vaccines are sent for the approval. It is a time taking process but in case of a pandemic, "emergency approval" can be given to prevent any unwanted delay.
Manufacturing process: After the approval is granted to a vaccine, it is sent for manufacturing in different laboratories in different countries.
Do we have a vaccination for COVID-19?
The research for Covid-19 vaccine is underway. Around 240 vaccinations are in the early stage, 40 in clinical trials and 9 in final stage.
Some of the most talked vaccines are being developed by Johnson and Johnson, The university of Oxford, Serum institute of India and Novavax, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, etc.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VACCINES IN MAKING?
A number of vaccines worldwide are going through different phases and various countries are seeking each others help to fasten the process and launch the vaccine in the global market.
MODERNA
Moderna is an american biotechnology company which announced that its vaccine is 94.5% effective.It is going through its phase 3 human trials and the vaccinations might start in December after the regulatory approval.
Pfizer-BioNTech
It is a US-German collaboration of pfizer and BioNTech. The interim results of its phase 3 trials found it 95% effective in preventing Covid-19. The vaccinations might start in December after its regulatory approval.
Oxford-AstraZeneca
It is a vaccine developed by the AstraZeneca Plc and Oxford University. It showed positive results in response to immune systems and is one of the front-runners globally. The vaccinations might be available before the end of the year.
Johnson & Johnson
The US Drugmaker is starting the third phase of two-dose trial on Monday which includes 30,000 participants. The vaccine is expected to be ready for approval by February 2021.
Sputnik V
The Russian vaccine Sputnik V is the first registered vaccine against Covid-19. The interim Results from phase 3 trials claim it to be 92% effective at protecting people from Covid-19.
Janssen Vaccine
The Spanish company was authorized phase-3 clinical trials by The Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices(AEMPS). It is the first company to enter phase 3 trials in Spain.
Covaxin
Indian Company Bharat Biotech announced the beginning of the phase 3 trials. It will involve 26,000 volunteers. The vaccine is expected to be launched by July 2021.
When will the vaccine become available and who will get it first?
The first vaccine is expected to be launched by Pfizer which believes to supply 50 million doses worldwide by the end of this year and about 1.3 billion by the end of 2021. Who will get the vaccine first? Well it depends on two factors, 1. where it is spreading the most; 2. which groups it is most effective in.
The Covid Warriors are also likely to get the early dose of the vaccine when it becomes available. The age also plays a vital role in the virus.
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